Author's Notes: Tiamat



    The story of Tiamat is the Creation Myth used by nearly all the cultures of Ancient Mesopotamia, including the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian cultures.  For my Story Book Project I have taken some rather large liberties with the story and because the story is not as well known as other myths I feel that I should retell (as best I can) the true myth of Tiamat.  However, this myth, as most myths do, has many variations and even the earliest records themselves have discrepancies.  For example, in Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Stephanie Dally (Oxford  University Press, 1989)  original cuneiform tablets of the story were translated into English.  Within this translation it is stated that "Anshar (and) Kishar were born, surpassing them,/ They passed the days at length, they added to the year./  Anu their first-born son rivaled his forefathers:/  Anshar made his son Anu like himself" (Tablet I, lines 12-15) as well as this quote "Ea listened to that report,/  And was dumbfounded and sat in silence./  When he had pondered and his fury subsided,/  He made his way to Anshar his father;" (Tablet II, lines 5-8).  Now, one might think hearing those lines that Anu and Ea were brothers, both the sons of the god Anshar.  However, also in this text are these lines: "Inside pure Apsu, Marduk was born,/ Ea his father created hem,/ Damkina his mother bore him,/ He sucked the teats of goddesses;/  The nurse who reared him filled him with awesomeness./  Proud was his form, piercing his stare,/  Mature his emergence, he was powerful from the start./  Anu his father's begetter beheld him" (Tablet I, lines 81-89).  Now, if anyone has a guess as to whether Anu is Marduk's uncle or grandfather, I'd be happy to hear it.  My best guess is that even as the myths were being written down in ancient times the myths were already beginning to change and take on variations.  My purpose for these rather lengthy quotations is to show that I am working with some very contradictory and vague material in trying to reproduce this myth.  I will try to stay as true to the main story as possible but sometimes it is impossible to be completely accurate.  If you find errors, please know that I am sorry and I will correct them as soon as you email me about them.

The Tiamat Myth

    At the start of time there was only the primordial pair, Tiamat (Salt water/Sea) and her lover Apsu (Fresh water/Rivers.)  They gave birth to Lachmu and Lachamu who gave birth to Ansar and Kiser who gave birth to Anu and Ea.  Now the younger gods made much noise and disturbed the waters of Tiamat and Apsu.  Apsu along with his vizier Mummu went to Tiamat and asked to kill the younger gods so that they may have some peace and quiet.  Tiamat raged at this idea and said that they should not kill the very beings they gave life to.  Apsu and Mummu later talked together away from Tiamat and decided to kill the younger gods even without Tiamat's permission.  They were overheard by some of the younger gods and Ea decided to stop Apsu and Mummu before they could destroy everyone.  Ea placed a spell in Apsu's waters that put the god into a deep sleep.  Once Apsu was asleep Ea killed him.  Ea then killed Mummu.  After Ea killed these two he took his wife Damkina and went to a place that he named Apsu after his defeated opponent.  Marduk, son of Ea and Damkina, was born in this place.  After a while some of the gods went to Tiamat and told her that she should exact vengeance for the murder of her husband and his vizier.  Tiamat agreed, took on the name of Mother Huber, and created monsters with which she planned to defeat those who killed Apsu and Mummu.  The greatest of the monsters she created was Qingu, whom she made a general, took as a lover, and gave the Tablet of Destinies to.  Marduk rose to fight Qingu and Marduk defeated him.  Marduk then cleft Tiamat in two, made half of her body the sky, the other half the earth, and made her eyes the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.


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