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Image of Jason Grabbing the Golden Fleece
http://www.greece.org/poseidon/work/argonautika/pic15.html
Introduction and Commentary:
Background Information:
Jason was born in the good land of
Iolcus. He was the proud son of the king and queen and stood in line as
the rightful heir to the throne. Until his uncle, Pelias, who usurped the
throne taking it from his father for himself and also taking Jason out
of the line to inherit the throne. Pelias went as far as to imprison his
parents and would have certainly killed Jason if not for his mother, who
pretended to mourn her baby son's death so Pelias wouldn't harm him. She
wrapped up her young baby and left it inside the cave of Chiron the Centaur
(half man/half horse), who was a kindly creature and very well learned.
Chiron raised Jason and taught him many things including: the arts, hunting
and survival skills, as well as battle skills. When Jason was of age he
set out in quest of his throne, which was rightfully his. However, Jason
did have someone very powerful on his side, the Queen of Olympos and Wife
of Zeus, Hera. If you recall she was the thorn in the heel of Heracles
and made life very difficult for him so you can imagine that if Hera did
like you, that would definitely be a good thing! You see Jason's uncle
Pelias had neglected to give Hera proper sacrifice and had given every
other major god and goddess their worthy sacrifice, so to put it lightly
she was a little miffed! She wanted someone to come along and take the
kingdom from Pelias and she needed a hero, enter Jason. However, before
Hera gave him her blessing she decided to form some sort of test to see
if he was worthy of her blessing. Hera disguised herself as an old woman
and waited for Jason to appear. She stood before a river in Iolcus and
made the water very rough and choppy. Once Jason approached she asked him
if he would take her across, and without thinking twice he put her onto
his back and swam with her across the river. In the process he lost a sandal,
(which will come into play in a second), and was never aware of the divine
service that he had performed. Little did Jason know he had just ferried
the Queen of Olympos across a river, and needless to say she would give
him her blessing.
-Jason and the Argonauts and the Quest for the Golden Fleece-
-The Quest is Set:
Jason made his way to the palace to
assert his position and lay claim to the throne which was rightfully his.
He arrived and immediately was escorted to Pelias. At first glance, Pelias
was very nervous at the site of Jason. You see Jason was an imposing figure,
athletic, good looking and not to mention he was only wearing one sandal!
Before Jason had ever arrived he was warned by an Oracle to, "Beware of
a stranger with one shoe," and Pelias noticed that Jason only had one sandal,
(remember he lost it ferrying Hera across the river). Pelias invited Jason
to a banquet that evening but was secretly planning to try and get rid
of Jason. "So you say you can be a king?" Pelias asked. "Yes, I believe
I do," Jason asserted. "Let me ask you about a problem you might deal with
as king and see how you'd deal with it. Let's say you have someone around
who you really want to get rid of and you don't know how to, what would
you do?" Pelias slyly asked. Jason thought and then answered, "I guess
I'd send him after the golden fleece." Pelias smiled with an evil glimmer
in his eye and said, "Hmmnn. Not a bad idea. That would definitely be something
that a hero would jump at to prove himself. How 'bout you go??"
-Searching for a Crew & the Journey Begins:
Considering Jason was no wuss and
that if a hero is ever challenged they have no choice but to accept, he
accepted the task. Word spread all over Greece that Jason was going to
attempt to recover the legendary Golden Fleece. Jason spread the word that
a crew above all others in bravery would have to be assembled and despite
the nearly impossible task, many heroes jumped at the opportunity to join
him. The ship was named 'The Argo' in honor of the shipbuilder Argus. The
ship was blessed by Hera and her daughter, the war goddess, Athena. Athena
would prove to play a pivotal role and showed her allegiance immediately
and procured a magical prow that could tell the future and speak in a human
voice. But despite the ranks of heroes aboard the Argo, including Heracles
himself, and the blessings of Hera and Athena, trouble was right around
the corner for Jason and his Argonauts.
-A Couple of Quick Stops:
The first stop that Jason and his
Argonauts made was at the island of Lemnos. Lemnos was an island inhabited
only by women. This was because Aphrodite had made them all unattractive
to their husbands and all of their husbands left them, (this was done because
the Lemnian women neglected to pay her a sacrifice). These women were led
by their queen, Hypsipyle. The Argonauts were well received by the Lemnian
women and actually ended up staying on the island for over a year. During
this year many children were fathered, but other than that nothing else
really happened.
The Argonauts set sail again, and
this time docked on the island of King Cyzicus who was king of the Doliones.
During the Argonauts short stay here, Heracles killed two giants as a favor
to the king. After leaving this island the Argonauts landed at Cios, were
they originally had stopped to replace Heracles' broken oar, but ended
up with Heracles deciding to leave the quest. I guess there was only enough
room for one hero per epic in Greek mythology, other than that no one knows
why the great Heracles left the journey.
Next the Argonauts came to the island
of Salmydessus where they were received by their blind prophet king, King
Phineus. The king was an unpleasant man who was plagued by the Harpies,
women-headed, bird bodied creatures with reprehensible table manners to
say the least. You see Phineus had ticked off some of the gods and was
cursed by the Harpies ever since. Every time a meal was placed before him,
the Harpies would swoop down take most of his meal and defecate the rest,
as a result Phineus was ghastly thin because he hadn't had a good meal
in years. As a favor to King Phineus, the Argonauts shooed away the Harpies
and they would never return again. Phineus was very thankful and forewarned
them of the future perils of their journey. He told them of the Symplegades
(Clashing Rocks), two huge rocks near the end of the Black Sea that clash
together being driven by the force of the winds. Nothing had ever passed
between them, and it was said that once a ship could make it through them,
they would be forever fixed apart. He suggested that they fly a dove in
between them and if it made it, they should follow. So the Argonauts left
the island of Salymdessus and attempted to follow the prophet king's advice.
They flew the bird between the rocks and through the help of Hera the bird
was successful and the Argonauts soon followed. Just as the king said,
from then on the two rocks were safe to pass through for all travelers.
The Story of Jason and the Argonauts
will be concluded next week as Jason and the Argonauts arrive in Colchis
& the Home of the Golden Fleece.
Stay Tuned For:
Part II of Jason and the Argonauts and the Quest for
the Golden Fleece
Aaron Francl
afrancl@ou.edu