The Evolution of Pharmaceutical
Practices From Ancient Egypt to Apothecaries
Created by Amanda Marcott
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Introduction
I have decided to explore the
topic, The Evolution of Pharmaceutical Practices from Ancient Egypt to
Apothecaries for my web project for four reasons. First, I am
very curious and interested about this subject. Second, I know
very little about his area of history and believe this to be a great
opportunity to expand my store of knowledge . Third, I believe
that my research done for this project will aid me in furthering my
eduction for my chosen career. Fourth, I think that I will find it
relatively easy to gather sources withing this theme.
Before this class I knew very
little of this topic, however, over the past couple of weeks, I have
acquired a working knowledge of medicine during ancient times. I
have studied Hippocrates in greater depth, I have been introduced to
Galen, and I have read about ancient medical practices such as
dissecting a live criminal in order to further studies in the internal
human structure. I have been given information non early theories
about how drugs or medicine aid the body to health. I have many
more questions to ask for the next tow ears, however.
I would like to learn how
pharmaceutical practices developed in history. Who started it
all? Where did the name pharmacy come from? Who where the
key thinkers and founders? To what extent were medicines
used? How many of the medicines that we have today were used in
ancient times or medieval times? How might have pharmaceutical
practices influenced other areas of science? Who was considered the
first doctor? How did education play a part? I'm sure as I
continue to research my project, a thousand more questions will seek me
out and beg for attention. Questions like these make this topic
very interesting to myself and potentially others as well.
This topic could be
interesting, presented in the right format, to almost anyone for
several reasons. Medicine is a crucial element of our modern
times. We seem to find a medicine for everything whether it is a
disease or not. As humans, we are constantly trying to fine ways to
increase our health, the years of our lives, and keep our physical
appearance as beautiful as possible throughout the aging process.
Medicine affects all of these issues. However, the extent to
which other people will be interested to read my web site will depend
heavily on the format and content of my Episodes.
I think that for my topic, my
first Episode should be The Birth of Pharmacy in Ancient Times. I
will start in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt with the Papyrus
Ebers. I will either then discuss Hippocrates or Galen and one or
two of the most prevalent theories on medicine. I think I will
try to come up with an ongoing list on each of my Episodes, beginning
with this one, of some of the common diseases as well as any drugs or
medicines during each time frame. I will also briefly highlight
any unusual or significant practices during that time.
My next Episode would be
based in Rome, which would be titled, The Growth of Pharmacy in
Medieval Times. As of right now, based on my lack of knowledge of this
topic, I don't know exactly what to include on this one just yet.
However, I do know that universities came into existence during this
time period, so I am sure that formalized education played an important
role in pharmaceutical advancement. I will also find one key
practitioner, a few common diseases during that time perhaps, any
unusual practices, and one or two prevalent theories. In
addition, probably under the practices heading, I would introduce the
concept of the hospital.
My third Episode would jump
into The Maturation of Pharmacy in Early Modern Times. I would
again illustrate the influence and life of a key practitioner during
this time period, any important diseases, and one or two prevalent
theories. I will also research the influence of the apothecaries
during this time.
Of course, my Episode will
not be interesting in the least if I do not organize and present them
with good writing technique. It is rather challenging for me to
decide before hand what kind of writing style I am going to use for my
website. I think that i will incorporate most, if not all, of the
writing styles defined on your list. I will almost likely present
the majority of the pages form each Episode from an impersonal,
analytical style with side stories and articles depicted with
alternative writing methods.
I will most likely write the
bulk of each Episode from a third person narrator while providing
further clarification of the points made using a combination of other
styles. What is the connection that ties all the Episodes
together? The thread is my subject matter, I believe -
pharmaceutical practices in history. However, having similar
organization in format and writing styles will tie my Episodes together
as well.
As another option for a
possible variation to the writing styles used, I could come up with
some sort of dialgue between a patient and or a pharmacist, since my
topic is on the history of pharmacy explaining the use of a drug.
I could also keep maybe a fictional diary on each Episode detailing the
life of a pharmacist from each time period. Some other alternatives
might include providing detailed descriptions of what the inside of
apothecaries looked like. I am sure that there are many other
possibilities of writing styles that can be used that I might not be
thinking off. However, I think that I have a good foundation of
ideas to start with.
I
have found several sources, both primary and secondary that could be
useful for the development of my Episodes.
For my primary sources, I would
use the following:
B. Ebbell, "The Papyrus
Ebers", The Greatest Egyptian Medical Document. http://www.macalester.edu/%7Ecuffel/ebers.htm. This website will be
invaluable to my discussion of the Papyrus Ebers since it is an actual
translation of it.
Dioscorides, "Book One:
Aromatics", De Matena Medica.
http://www.cancerlynx.com/BOOKONEAROMATICS.PDF.
This is a part of the actual book Dioscorides who evidently wrote much
about different herbs that could be used during medieval times for
medicines. I'm going to try to find the whole book , I think, but
this is a start.
Paracelsus, Four Treatises
(London: John Hopkins Press, 1941). This book is a translation of the
original Four Treaties.
For my secondary sources, I
would use the following:
Ann Ellis Hanson,
"Hippocrates: The 'Greek Miracle' in Medicine" Medicina Antiqua - http://www.medicinaantiqua.org.uk/.
This looks like it gives a good overview of Hippocrates.
Andre Dillinger, "Ancient
Egyptian Medicine", Pharaonic Egypt.
http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/timelines/topics/medicine.htm.
This site seems to give a through detailed examination of ancient
Egyptian medicine with links and suggestions for further
research.
"History of Medicine",
National Library of Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/.
This site really excited me because it provided much information and
links to journals and websites and essays all about medicine from
different time periods. I'm sure I could use this website
heavily. This website could fall under primary and secondary
sources.
Enter Project
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