Stories of Romance in the Indian Epics
Introduction
by: April Trenary
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*pictures are also links to the stories

“I can test the True.  Only beside Truth, the lapping flames are dull and cool.  Here is Sita.  Here’s Love” (Buck 356)  After Rama’s heroic defeat of the Demon King Ravana, the fire God Angi vouches for Sita’s purity and love.   Love is a feeling everyone, from every time, and every culture can relate too.  The explanation of love is formed from personal experiences.  The racing heartbeat, the sweaty palms, and the unsinkable euphoria associated with love can certainly be overpowering.  While love may be difficult to define, it does have an intrinsic order that can be examined.  How a person reacts to this universal feeling, or how society treats it, can differ greatly.  American media floods us with varying ideas of love and romance.  Love also changes in different stages of a couple’s relationship.  The stories and characters in the Ramayana and Mahabharata both support and challenge our Western ideals.  I plan to focus on the minor people (or possibly animals!) from both Narayan’s and Buck’s version of these great epics. 

 Researching love stories is a great chance to try different types of creative writing.  Along with basic storytelling, I plan to include a love letter, maybe a love poem, and possibly a little bit Harlequin style.  Indian mythology provides great material to examine: love at first sight, happily ever after, and “madly” in love.  The mournful love song of a slain bird inspires Valmiki's use of poetry in the Ramayana, "You will find no rest for the long years of Eternity, For you killed a bird in love and unsuspecting" (Buck 7).  I look forward to watching this topic develop over the next few weeks.

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lovesongsThe relationship of Ahalya and Gautama is worth considering because it deals with conflict in a love relationship.  For love to last, the relationship needs to also include trust and forgiveness.  Relationship problems are faced and dealt with in both positive and negative ways.  Not to mention, Gautama’s revenge on Indra is hilarious!  When I first read this story in Narayan’s Ramayana, I genuinely felt that Ahalya was raped by Indra with his deception.  However, Buck’s version claims she saw though the disguise but did not resist because she was curious and flattered.  tara

Tara and Sugriva are married after Rama kills Vali, Tara’s husband and Sugriva’s brother.  This puts Tara in an interesting position and I think she can’t help but compare her former and the current husband.  Buck writes that Tara kills herself after Vali’s defeat, so my story will develop from Narayan’s version.  The practice of leviate marriage is a part of several ancient cultures.  This is different from the modern American idea of courtship and romance.  The unique dynamic explains how love develops or dissipates under unusual circumstances.

ravana2Even bad guys can be moved by Love.  The relationship of Ravana and Mandodari is an interesting comparison between love and lust.  His treatment of her shows his respect and affection for his wife.  However, Ravana is enamored with Sita, making her the "other woman" to his marriage.  Ravana confuses the passionate feeling of lust to the emotional attachment of love.  He tries to find self-worth all around him, when the real treasure is Mandodari.

The romance of Rama and Sita is the main love story of the Ramayana.  However, it's value is best measured compared to others in the story.  Atri and Anasuya are an older couple who welcome Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana in their home at the begining of their exile.  They seemingly have the long-lasting relationship that many of us long to find.  Their purity and fidelity makes them worthy of worship by Hindus today.

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Indian Epics homepage  The encyclopedia, story summaries, and pictures will be in my research.

Panchkanya: Women of Substance  The history and insight into Ahalya, Draupadi, Kunti, Tara and Mandodari will be useful to explore their romantic encounters. 

The Brides of the Bharatas  The stories of Gandhari, Satyavati, Ambika, Kunti and Draupadi demonstrate the cliché about the fine line between love and hate.

The Mahabharata: An Indonesian Perspective  This website is a good introduction to the Mahabharata to give me a jumpstart for using it on my website project. 

The Ramayana: An Enduring Tradition A useful Ramayana resource for ideas and summaries.

Kamat’s Potpourii This website is awesome for Hindu studies, especially the Indian Epics.

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Bibliography:
Buck, William. Ramayana. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.
Narayan, R.K. Ramayana. New York: Penguin Books, 1972.


Image Information:
1.     Love Songs
2.     Lakshmana Meets with Tara, Sugriva, and Hanuman in the Palace of Kishkandha
3.     Ravana Fails to Win Over Sita at Ashoka Vatika, Lanka City
4.    
Rama at Hermitage of Sage Atri
       
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