forest



Survey the Smoldering Stumps:

The Burning of Khandava Forest

retold by Nicholas Wojcik



There is a place near the sacred Yamuna river, a place that once belonged to rare beasts and birds, trees and bushes, and on any given day would paint a colorful picture for the Gods staring down from above - its name is Khandava forest.



Khandava is no ordinary place; its ruins will tell you the same. They will tell you of how a single moment  can alter the lives of many and erase the colors from the picture it paints.

Here is what I have been told:

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It was the middle of summer. The sun was shining and the calls of migrating birds rang in the soft, still air for miles, ricocheting off the Himalayas. Yamuna, the river, was full from the rains, for Indra, the rain God, had been very busy that year fighting off a number of fires in the nearby Khandava forest. And so, it was a perfect day for thirsty animals to stop off for a drink in the Yamuna, or to say "hello" to their friends in the Khandava, a perfect day for people to take a walk and enjoy one another's company.


As it happens, Krishna, the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, and Arjuna, the highly skilled third son of Kunthi, after bathing in the river, had been walking along its edge when they were suddenly approached by a tall, thin, shaggy-haired woodsman draped in black rags. He had a full beard and only upon closer observation could one notice the curious glob of butter that smeared across his mouth.


The man's eyes met those of Krishna and Arjuna before exposing a mouthful of golden teeth. He greeted them and introduced himself as a  weak and hungry wanderer. Arjuna, in his kind nature, was quick to say  they would provide food for the man if he just name his earthly desire.


At that moment, the wanderer held out his hand, revealing a tiny ball of fire. He spoke only the words "the forest of Khandava," then revealed his true identity as Agni, the fire God.


As Arjuna and Krishna stood mesmerized by the flickering flame in Agni's hand, Agni spoke of how only the dry forest could rid his hunger pains and return his strength if they, Arjuna and Krishna, could just hold Indra, the rain God, back so he, Agni, could munch on the burning woods. He assured Arjuna and Krishna that no man or animal would be harmed in the perishing forest; he reiterated over and over to them that no man inhabited the desolate landscape and the animals, with their keen sense for knowing their surroundings, would scurry long before the flames reached the earth and continue on with their annual migration.


Agni lifted his hand higher to compare the tiny size of the flame with the vast size of the forest. He spoke clearly of how the roots of the trees grow deeper than what the flame can reach and that Yamuna, the river, would give life back to the trees. As a reward for their assistance, Agni presented Krishna with the most powerful, razor-sharp iron discus ever crafted and Arjuna with the mighty bow Gandiva, two ever-lasting arrows, and an extravagant chariot pulled by the strongest of white horses.


Krishna bowed and praised Agni's generosity while Arjuna, without hesitation, sprang into the chariot.

As Arjuna strung the mighty bow, the earth beneath them began to quiver and quake. The flames in every fireplace and lamp in all the world's palaces, houses, and huts simultaneously died out and gathered in the eyes of Agni, the fire God. Agni bent down and touched the ground with just one finger before his buttery mouth unleashed seven flaming tongues. The flames consumed him and the rushing winds carried him off through the trees. The force of the burning heat sent the chariot horses into an immediate frenzy and the green of the trees were instantaneously blanketed by the spectrum of the giant flames that was Agni.

arjuna


Smoke billowed towards the heavens, obstructing the view of the Gods which forced Indra, the rain God, to act quickly. Thunderclouds gathered over Khandava forest like a giant black hand ready to crush the earth. A massive tidal wave came barreling down from the clouds and dumped a thousand rivers onto the roaring flames. Arrows flew from Arjuna's bow, Gandiva, at the rate an automatic weapon discharges its bullets. A beastly sound erupted as the rain and fire continued to collide until finally, Arjuna stood back, strung one single fire-tipped arrow, and shot it straight at the heart of the clouds. The Gods above came rushing to the aid of Indra as Indra shot a bolt of lightning at Krishna's iron discus. But the discus destroyed the lightning bolt and Indra and the other Gods knew they had lost the battle of Khandava forest.


Over time, the winds drifted through the charred remains of Khandava forest, escorting the smoke and ash from the ground and sky. The animals who once had frolicked in the bushes, nestled in the nooks of the tall trees or found shade beneath their canopy of leaves were now displaced or had perished in the seas of rain and fire. Despite Agni's promises, no man or animal could survive the brutality of the storm and the roots of what are now burned blackened stumps are brittle and rotten.


Khandava forest, like other forests, may be considered a pocket. Together, these pockets form the lungs of the earth and a destination worth experiencing; they provide oxygen for the living and paint a colorful landscape for the godly. What is there without them?

tulsi

Signs of the battle of Khandava forest may be felt elsewhere, too, as an exhausted rain God, Indra, now more than ever, finds himself struggling to provide water for other parts of earth.

Here is what I have been told...


Enter Anga, City of Draught


or return to:


Coverpage


Introduction



or go:


Inside Kurujangala

Onward to Lanka



This retelling is based on R.K. Narayan's version of this story with additional assistance in background information provided by Dowson's Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology.

The title "Survey the Smoldering Stumps" is my own interpretation and is solely meant for creativity purposes.

In Narayan's version, the scene begins immediately with Krishna and Arjuna walking along the Yamuna river. Narayan does not speak of the forest's inhabitants or ruins until later in the scene; the approach I took is intended to emphasize the ecological theme of this storybook. 

I emphasized the importance of Agni's character by dramatizing his gestures and facial expressions, such as the moment when Agni first introduces himself and when Agni compared the size of the flame with that of the forest; neither of these descriptions occur in Narayan's version. Also, according to Narayan, the flames for Agni's fire are collected from the heavens and the underworld in addition to palaces and huts of the earth; only the latter appears in my version as a means to reduce the word count!

I repeatedly referred to living beings as a reminder to the reader that this is a place where living creatures came to convene or live, again, tying the notion of ecology into the story.

 I also state that Agni tells Krishna and Arjuna repeatedly that no living being would be harmed by the fire, where in the original version, Agni only tells them once. Indra does not appear on earth riding on a white elephant as he does in the original version nor are the names, rank, or physicality of the Gods who come to assist Indra revealed.

Finally, the original version ends with Maya, the architect of the Gods, participating in the battle before riding from Khandava forest with Arjuna and Krishna in the horse-drawn chariot. Agni joins his hands in namaste before disappearing from the charred forest. This ending recapitulates the theme of the promise Agni makes to Krishna and Arjuna and the ties in the notion of ecology as a way to pave the foundation for the next story where ecology will continue to play an important role...



Bibliography:


Buck, William. The Mahabharata. (Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1973), 80-85.


Dowson, John (1820-1881). A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature. London: Trübner, 1879 [Reprint, London: Routledge, 1979].


Image Information:


"Untitled" by John Kane III.


"Arjuna Saluting Krishna" by Rabi Behera.


"Tulsi Plant" by EcoIndia.



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